[Linux] 환경변수 PATH 추가하기

PATH 설정 이유

Linux 쉘에 명령을 입력하면 해당 이름의 프로그램이 있는지 확인하기 위해 모든 디렉토리를 검색하지는 않고 지정한 항목만 찾는다.

이때 $PATH 라는 환경 변수를 이용해 쉘이 어디를 볼지 경로를 확인한다.

즉, PATH에 프로그램 실행 경로를 추가해주면, 명령어 실행 시 경로를 따로 입력하지 않아도 PATH 환경변수에 있는 디렉토리에서 실행파일을 찾아 실행해 준다.

 

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printenv 명령어로 현재 적용된 환경변수 확인

ubuntu@ip-172-31-42-70:~$ printenv
SHELL=/bin/bash
PWD=/home/ubuntu
LOGNAME=ubuntu
XDG_SESSION_TYPE=tty
MOTD_SHOWN=pam
HOME=/home/ubuntu
LANG=C.UTF-8
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.webp=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
LC_TERMINAL=iTerm2
SSH_CONNECTION=125.177.171.19 51355 172.31.42.70 22
LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user
TERM=xterm-256color
LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
USER=ubuntu
LC_TERMINAL_VERSION=3.4.16
SHLVL=1
XDG_SESSION_ID=34
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
SSH_CLIENT=125.177.171.19 51355 22
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/ubuntu/
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus
SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
_=/usr/bin/printenv

 

echo $PATH 명령어로 PATH만 확인

ubuntu@ip-172-31-42-70:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/ubuntu/

 

방법1. 현재 쉘에 추가

export PATH=$PATH:추가한path경로

export PATH=$PATH:/home/ubuntu/Document

 

방법2. 영구적 추가

sudo vi ~/.bashrc 명령어 입력 후 맨 하단에 PATH 추가

# PATH=$PATH:추가할경로
PATH=$PATH:/home/ubuntu/Document

esc 클릭 후 wq! 입력하여 저장 후 종료

 

source ~/.bashrc 명령어로 적용

 

다시 echo $PATH 명령어 입력하면 추가한 경로를 확인할 수 있다.

ubuntu@ip-172-31-42-70:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/ubuntu/:/home/ubuntu/Document

 

 

reference

https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux